Selenium is a popular open-source automation framework that has quickly become an indispensable resource for SQA analysts. By allowing for the automation of web browsers, Selenium improves the efficiency with which testers can carry out a wide range of tasks, including the automation of repetitive actions, the execution of functional tests, and the verification of cross-browser compatibility. This selenium cheatsheet will provide you with a quick reference to the Selenium codes for use in your software quality assurance efforts.
Selenium WebDriver
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Firefox driver | WebDriver Driver = new FirefoxDriver (); | Driver is an object; |
| IE driver | System.setProperty(“webdriver.ie. driver”, PATH); WebDriver driver = new InternetExplorerDriver (); | PATH = path of IEDriver exe file; |
| Chrome driver | System.setProperty(“webdriver.ie. driver”,PATH); WebDriver driver = new ChromeDriver (); | PATH = path of chrome exe file; |
Identify Elements
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Find single element | driver.findElement(locator) | Locator is a location of element |
| Find multiple elements | driver.findElements(locator) | Locator is a location of element |
Locating UI Elements
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| By ID | driver. findElement (By.id(str)); | Str is id of element |
| By name | driver.findElement(By.name(str)); | Str is name of element |
| By Class Name | driver. findElement (By. className(str)); | Str is class value of element |
| By CSS selector | driver.findElement(By.cssSelector(str)); | Str is cssSelector of element |
| By link text | driver.findElement(By.linkText(str)); | Str is link text of element |
| By partial link text | driver.findElement(By.partialLinkText(str)); | Str is partial text of element |
| By tag name | driver.findElement(By.tagName(str)); | Str is tag name of element |
| By XPath | driver.findElement(By.xpath(xpath)); | Str is xpath of element |
Handling Java Script Alerts
To handle alerts, first, we need to switch to alert.
Alert al=driver.switchTo().alert();
The Actions list.| Action | Code |
|---|---|
| Click on ok in alert | al.accept(); |
| Click on cancel | al.dismiss(); |
| Type in alert box | al.sendKeys(“text”); |
| Get text from alert box | al.getText(); |
Capture Screen Shot of Browser
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Capture screen | File scrFile1 = ((TakesScreenshot)driver).getScreenshotAs(OutputType.FIL E); | Save screenshot as k2.png |
| Save to disk | FileUtils.copyFile(scrFile1, new File(“c:\tmp\k2.png”)); | Save the screenshot as k2.png |
User Actions
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Write in text fields | driver.findElement(locator).sendKeys(text); | Text: what u want to write locator is a location element |
| Click button or click radio button or check box | driver. findElement(locator). click(); | Locator: location element |
| Clear text in text field | driver. findElement(locator). clear(); | Locator: location element |
| Navigate back and forward in browser | driver.navigate(). back(); driver.navigate().forward(); | |
| Navigate to frame | driver. switchTo().frame(frame); | frame can be integer value represents position of frame or string represents id of frame or WebElement represents frame of frame. |
| Navigate to next window or pop up window | driver.switchTo().window(hashCode); | hashCode is hash code of window |
| Get inner text of element or inner text of table | driver.findElement(locator).getText(); | Locator: location element |
| Working on auto complete/suggestions Or Calendar pop up | driver. findElement(locator). click(); | Get the locator of hidden division or element and perform required operation. |
Select Drop-Down List
Using the Select class we can work on the Select drop-down. Create a select object for a specific select
drop-down.
//creating webelement for select dropdown
WebElement usrs=driver.findElement(By.name(“users”));
Select usr=new Select(usrs);We can select options drop-down in 3 different ways as explained below:
| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Select by using id of option tag | usr.selectById(ID); | ID is string, value of id attribute of option. |
| Select by using index of option tag | usr.selectByIndex(i); | i is the position of option |
| Select by using visible text in option tag | usr.selectByVisibleText(str) | str is the text inside option tag. |
Working on Excel sheet
Before working on Excel first we need to read Excel in the input stream using the file io stream.
FileInputStream fis=new FileInputStream(“Path of .xlsx file”);| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Convert file io into workbook | Workbook wb = WorkbookFactory.create(fis); | Create function creates work book. |
| Get into specified sheet | Sheet s = wb.getSheet(sheetName); Or Sheet s = wb.getSheetAt(sheetNum); | sheetName is name of the sheet sheetNum is index of sheet |
| Get into specified row | Row r = s.getRow(rowNum); | |
| Get into specified column | Cell c = r.getCell(colNum); | |
| Get cell value | String cellVal = c.getStringCellValue(); Or boolean b = c.getBooleanCellValue(); or Date d = c.getDateCellValue(); Or int I = c.getNumericCellValue(); | Get cell value based on value in excel cell |
| Get row count | int I = s.getLastRowNum(); | |
| Get Column count | int j = r. getLastCellNum (); | |
| Write back to excel | c.setCellValue(“PASS1”); FileOutputStream fos = new FileOutputStream(“Path of .xlsx file “); wb.write(fos); fos.close(); |
Drag, Drop and Mouse Over, Mouse Events
We use Actions Class for drag and drop
Create an object-to-action class
Actions a=new Actions(driver);| Action | Code | Description |
|---|---|---|
| Drag and Drop using source and destination | a.dragAndDrop(src, des).build().perform(); | Src and dest is the WebElement object of source and destination of drag and drop element. |
| Drag and drop to specific position | a.dragAndDrop(src, x,y).build().perform(); | x and y are integer values for specific position. |
| Mouse over on specific element | a.moveToElement(element).build().perform(); | Element is an object of WebElement which points to required element. |
| Mouse right click | a.contextClick(element).build().perform(); | Element is an object of WebElement which points to required element |
| Mouse movement after right click | a.sendKeys(Keys.).build().perform(); | Keys is a class contains all key strokes such as right left, enter, back button |
By giving testers access to a robust automation framework, Selenium has dramatically improved the field of Software Quality Assurance. Because of Selenium’s ability to automate web browsers, it is much easier to carry out routine tasks, functional tests, and browser compatibility checks. The key features of Selenium are summarized in this selenium cheatsheet, making it a useful resource for SQA experts who want to make the most of this flexible tool in their testing.